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Synopsis
Task I realised the objectives, stated in 1994, to develop a database on DSM programmes, the International Database on Energy Effiency Programmes (INDEEP) and to analyse the data (two analysis reports). The task started in 1994 and has continually developed a methodology to collect data and present it in order to aid utilities and governments to design EE-DSM programmes which reach more customers and save more energy at lower cost. The objective now is to maintain this database, update the data and include new actual programme data and to prepare a transfer of the database to an other organisation than the IEA DSM Agreement by the year 2004.
The work in this Task aims to develop, test, and promote an evaluation guidebook for governmental and non-governmental Energy Efficiency Programmes and also for (utility) DSM programmes targeted towards energy end-users and focussed on GHG reductions to meet Kyoto's targetsThe guidebook should, in the first place, be used in all IEA countries and should be a tool in the judgements for the results by national and regional energy programmes for sustainability and for limiting greenhouse gas emissions as well as the future role for such programmes in policies. So the Task will develop a useful methodology – documented in the form of a guidebook – to evaluate the impact of DSM an EE programmes. This would aid policy makers and would allow programmes to be improved (i.e. made more cost effective). The guidebook should also been used in developing countries and countries in economic transition. Participation in this Task from associated IEA member countries or developing countries (e.g. by assistance from the World Bank, the Energy Efficiency Initiative or the Climate Technology Initiative) should be promoted.
Task II started in 1993 and has concluded in 2003. In consequence it has been carrying out work over the whole period of transition of utility businesses in many countries from utilities with a single product offering to full commercial companies. New utility businesses are now competitive entities seeking to offer a range of products to meet customer and market requirements. Task II was initially conceived to study the issue of providing cost effective communication for energy management services in a utility environment. Over the period of its existence it developed, through input of participating countries, into a project to deliver cost effective energy management and energy efficiency improvment services, as well as a range of services which were percieved as meeting potential market and customer requirements. These services included remote diagnostics of energy consuming appliances, remote CHP and embedded generation management, as well as security and medical assistance provision. The bundling of multiple and diverse services was shown to be the most effective way of meeting financial viability requirements. Techno-economic studies were carried out to determine these issues.
Task III was carried out between 1994 and 1999 with eight countries and the European Commission as participants. A procedure for collaborative procurement actions for the introduction of innovative, more energy efficient products was developed and tested in a number of pilot projects. Concrete results included a clothes drier with the energy use cut by half (the first “Class A” drier), electric motors with losses reduced by 20-40%, and a “copier of the future” where the energy use was reduced down to 25%.
This Task reviewed and documented utility structures and integrated planning approaches in IEA-member countries. Participants performed a review and comparative assessment of government and utility power sector planning priorities in IEA-member and non-member countries with a view to their implications for the integration of DSM options into resource planning. They also compiled information on the methods, techniques and models for demand forecasting and integrated planning being used in their respective countries by utilities and government.Based on this review, a guidebook was developed describing alternative approaches and summarising examples of how these methodologies have been incorporated. Case studies documenting successful applications from several countries were included. Taking into consideration the factors influencing DSM in participating countries, guidelines were developed on how to transfer processes, methods, techniques and models for incorporating DSM in resource planning from one country to another. Included in this book were issues related to differences in market conditions, supply characteristics, utility structure, regulatory environments, pricing and tariff structures and government policies. Task IV also investigated mechanisms to promote DSM and energy efficiency in new business environments. This included a critical review of mechanisms which have been used or proposed for use, to incorporate DSM and energy efficiency into restructured electricity industries. The results were presented in three workshops.
This project is investigating how the roles of local authorities in demand side management are affected by a liberalised market and in the light of these changes and examples of good practice, to prepare guidelines for improving the local authorities' service delivery in this field.
Participants developed a common methodology for implementing DSM technology with residential small commercial and small industrial customers. This methodology modelled small customer markets in basic units with objective characteristics such as kinds of end-use equipment, cost of network equipment, family or business types, socio-cultural values.Participants also conducted a survey in their countries of the methods that utilities and governments have successfully used to market DSM technologies in residential, small commercial and small industrial markets.Based upon the methodology developed above, each participant carried out a pilot project for a particular small customer market. The results of the pilot programmes were measured and their success evaluated. Results in different countries were compared and their similarities and differences were explained. Within each country results of the pilot programme were compared with results of previous programmes in order to document improvements realised in programme effectiveness.
Thirteen countries and the European Commission participated in Task VI, which commenced in 1997 and was completed in 2000. The objective of the Task was to develop mechanisms for promoting the implementation of demand-side management (DSM) and energy efficiency in restructured electricity industries and competitive electricity markets.
The need to meet Kyoto targets and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through greater energy efficiency provides the driving force behind the new Market Transformation Task. Utilising the forces of the market and transforming those markets to better respond to energy efficient products helps to contribute to a more sustainable path whilst still maintaining a future vision of economic prosperity.
Evaluating and promoting Demand-Side Bidding as a means to improve the global environment.
The objective of this work is to facilitate the use of performance contracts and other energy service company (ESCO) contracts.
The objective of this Task is to increase the motivation of smaller customers to save energy through energy end use presentation, modify their energy demand profile through time of use pricing and provide mechanisms for their bidding demand into competitive energy markets.The Task is now focused on the issue of “profile metering” constraints on the development of demand response by smaller customers. It is also addressing possible validation mechanisms which can be used to quantify smaller customer demand “available” and demand “turned down” so as to provide equitable rewards to customers.Earlier work addressed the issues of time of use pricing, energy end use and feedback mechanisms, and demand side bidding by smaller customers in energy markets.
The three main objectives of this work were to 1) identify and develop the country-specific information needed to establish the potential for demand response, 2) perform the market and institutional assessment needed to set realistic goals for the contribution of DRR to sector objectives, and 3) mobilize technical and analytic resources needed to support the implementation of DRR programs and track their performance.This Task has developed action-oriented tools that markets and regulators can use to incorporate DR in their daily operating practices. The tools are designed to provide methodologies and research resources to use when evaluating the best business case structure for DR in a market. All of the project tools are organized into the book, Task XIII Project Guidebook, which provides a roadmap for assessing DR integration into the market. In addition to the tools, the book can be used as a teaching guide for a DR professional certification programme.
The objective of the work was to gather experiences gained in operating White Certificates or White Certificates-like schemes in countries where this policy is or will be practiced (as in Great Britain, France and Italy) or discussed (as in the Netherlands). To complement these schemes, knowledge gained through focused research projects was also included.Considering that relatively little experience involving the implementation of White Certificates schemes exists, the Task experts relied on themselves and those with expertise in subjects as diverse as tradable certificates theory, demand-side management policies in the residential, transport and tertiary sectors, and the existing British, Italian and French White Certificates schemes. The Task was organized around five workshops to discuss with national practitioners and explore a set of issues – expectations, policy/principle issues, organization/practical issues, and interaction with other trading schemes and with other EE policies.
‘Network-driven’ demand-side management (DSM) is concerned with reducing demandon electricity networks (grids) in specific ways which maintain system reliability in theimmediate term and over the longer term defer the need for network augmentation. Problems in electricity networks are becoming significant in countries where electricity demand is increasing and network infrastructure ('poles and wires') is ageing. As loads grow and infrastructure reaches the end of its economic life, the potential cost of augmenting and providing support services for electricity networks is increasing exponentially.Task XV identified and developed a wide range of DSM measures that can:• relieve constraints on electricity distribution and/or transmission networks at lower costs than building ‘poles and wires’ solutions; and• provide operational support services for electricity networks, achieving peak load reductions with various response times.